Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Devices coming soon...

AESMD is a newly established international, single, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to innovative research and novel developments in the field of advanced materials and their devices for energy storage technologies and their applications and relevant energy conversion.

AESMD offers scientists, engineers, and researchers to publish open-access research papers, review articles, short communications, letters to the editor, special issues… etc., on relevant journal topics.

AESMD, will effectively contribute to all types of experimental, theoretical, and computational advancing knowledge in the field of advanced energy materials and devices, promote collaboration, support innovative solutions for sustainable energy storage and conversion, systems integration, grid integration, modeling, management and business, industry, novel technologies, and global developments in energy storage.

In a world focused on innovation and sustainability, the new journal of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Devices (AESMD) is a leading source of cutting-edge research in energy materials and devices. AESMD is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing materials science and technology in energy storage and conversion. Our journal supports efforts to optimize materials for a cleaner, more energy-efficient future.

 At AESMD, we cultivate a community of passionate scientists and engineers pushing the boundaries of energy storage. Our mission is to provide an open-access platform for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and innovation. Energy storage plays a crucial role in the green revolution by powering electric vehicles and ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS AND DEVICES (AESMD) ➢ AESMD is a newly established international, single, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to innovative research and novel developments in the field of advanced materials and their devices for energy storage technologies and their applications and relevant energy conversion. AESMD offers scientists, engineers, and researchers to publish open-access research papers, review articles, short communications, letters to the editor, special issues… etc., on relevant journal topics. ➢ AESMD, will effectively contribute to all types of experimental, theoretical, and computational advancing knowledge in the field of advanced energy materials and devices, promote collaboration, support innovative solutions for sustainable energy storage and conversion, systems integration, grid integration, modeling, management and business, industry, novel technologies, and global developments in energy storage. integrating renewable energy. AESMD showcases breakthroughs and developments in this field, maintaining high standards of integrity and quality through peer review. Join our global community of scientists and engineers to shape the future of advanced energy materials and devices. 

Welcome to the New Journal of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Devices (AESMD) – where innovation knows no bounds, and the path to a sustainable future is illuminated.

Aim of the Journal

• Dissemination of Cutting-Edge Research: Our primary objective is to serve as a leading platform for disseminating high-impact, state-of-the-art research in advanced energy materials and devices.
  
• Fostering Multidisciplinary Collaboration: We aim to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, engineers, and researchers specializing in materials science, energy storage, and energy conversion. This collaboration accelerates advancements in these fields.
• Promotion of Open Access: We are committed to promoting open-access publishing, making valuable research readily available to a global audience. This fosters knowledge exchange and accessibility.
• Supporting Innovation: Our mission includes actively supporting and promoting innovation in the development of materials and devices for advanced energy storage and conversion. This contributes to the creation of sustainable and efficient energy solutions.
• Quality Assurance: We maintain the highest standards of peer review to ensure the publication of scientifically rigorous and high-quality research. 

Scope of the Journal

This journal encompasses a diverse array of subjects within the field of energy storage and conversion, including:

•  Energy Storage Technologies: Coverage includes various energy storage technologies such as batteries (e.g., lithium-ion, sodium-ion, potassium-ion, solid-state, sulfur, lithium polymer, lithium-metal, lead-acid, nickelcadmium, alkaline, carbon zinc, silver oxide, magnesium-ion, metal-air electrochemical cells, and flow batteries), symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors, hybrid systems, fuel cells, advanced materials for energy storage, energy storage system integration, novel energy storage concepts, pumped hydro energy storage, compressed air energy storage, thermal energy storage, flywheel energy storage, and superconducting magnetic energy storage.

• Materials Science: Manuscripts are welcome that focus on the design, synthesis, optimization, characterizations (ex. XRD, XPS, CV, EIS, SEM, TEM, NMR, FTIR, DSC TGA, EPR, In-situ/Operando Techniques, …), and performance assessment of novel materials specifically for energy storage applications, including studies on electrode materials, novel electrolytes, separators, and other essential components of energy storage devices.

• Materials Engineering: The journal considers studies on materials engineering at the nanoscale and microscale, encompassing materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanocomposites, thin films, and nanostructured materials, with the aim of enhancing energy storage and conversion properties.

• Device Engineering: Emphasis is placed on innovative device design, engineering approaches, and optimization strategies aimed at improving the performance, safety, and sustainability of energy storage systems. This includes advancements in cell design, manufacturing processes, and scaling up energy storage technologies.

• Energy Conversion Devices: Research related to energy conversion devices such as photovoltaic cells, thermoelectric generators, and fuel cells, with a focus on material advancements and device performance.

• Energy Storage and Conversion Mechanisms: Investigations into the fundamental mechanisms and processes underlying energy storage and conversion, shedding light on the scientific principles governing materials and device performance.

• Sustainability and Environmental Impact: Research addressing the environmental impact and sustainability of advanced energy materials and devices, including assessments of recyclability, resource usage, and ecofriendly materials to support sustainable energy storage development.

• Technological Advances: Reports on emerging technologies, manufacturing techniques, and scalable production methods with the potential to yield practical and commercially viable energy storage and conversion solutions.

• Energy Policy and Economics: Discussions pertaining to the economic, policy, and regulatory aspects of advanced energy materials and devices, exploring their integration into the global energy landscape.

• Energy Storage Applications: Encouragement for research related to the practical applications of advanced energy storage technologies across various sectors, including electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, grid energy storage, portable electronics, wearable devices, aerospace, and aviation.

• Safety and Reliability: Studies focusing on the safety, thermal stability, overcharge protection, short-circuit behavior, durability, and reliability of energy storage and conversion devices, including strategies for mitigating risks associated with emerging technologies.

• Future Trends in Energy Storage and Conversion Systems: The evolving trends in energy storage and conversion systems align with sustainability, efficiency, and reliability, supporting the transition to cleaner energy sources and the integration of renewable energy into existing grids. Ongoing research and development in these areas will drive innovation and shape the future of the energy sector.

Editors-in-Chief

Dr. Hesham Khalifa, Ph.D.

Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

Scientist at the University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Morocco

Assistant Professor of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, El-Behera, Egypt. (Presently on a research assignment abroad)

Previously: Post-Doctoral Researcher (Dec. 2021–present), Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal

E-mail: khalifa.hesh@sciparkpub.com 

Biography and/or area of scientific interests:  Dr. Hesham Khalifa is a distinguished scientist and educator with a remarkable career spanning the fields of physics, materials science, and energy storage systems. He is a post-doctoral researcher at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. He also serves as a scientist at the University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Morocco, and an assistant professor of physics at Damanhur University in Egypt. Dr. Khalifa previously served as a postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) in Portugal. Dr. Khalifa obtained his Ph.D. in physics in 2020 through a scholarship at the National Institute for Material Science (NIMS) in Tsukuba, Japan. Dr. Khalifa's research expertise extends across a broad spectrum of energy storage systems, encompassing Li/Na/K ion and solid-state batteries, supercapacitors, sulfur batteries, anode materials (carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and silicon-based materials), cathode materials (LFP, LMP, NMC, LMO, LNMO, NCA, LCO, lithium-rich, and nickel-rich cathodes), electrolyte research (oxide/sulfide/polymer electrolytes for solid-state batteries), structured battery technologies, electrochemical evaluations of solid-state electrolytes (ionic conductivity, remnant polarization, electrochemical window stability, and chemical stability), and thin films and sensor technologies. Dr. Hesham Khalifa's work continues to advance the frontiers of energy storage, paving the way for sustainable and high-performance energy solutions.

Ahmed A. El‐Gendy, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Physics and Director of Nanomagnetics and Biomaterials Lab., Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, USA

E-mail: ahmed-elgendy@sciparkpub.com

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: El-Gendy has been working in the field of magnetic nanoparticles for 20 years. His research expertise includes synthesis, characterization, and applications of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. He focuses on synthesis and optimization of soft and hard magnetic nanomaterials using chemical and physical methods to be used for various types of applications such as hyperthermia treatment for cancer, drug delivery, contrast agent for MRI, rare-earth free permanent magnets, data storage, and magneto-caloric for refrigeration technology. He has published about 100 high impact scientific papers in peer-review journals and book chapters. During his career, El-Gendy secured external funds to support his interdisciplinary research that is being performed now in Nanoland.

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Associate Editors

Dr. Mohamed A. SHENASHEN

Associate Professor at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan

E-mail: shenashen.mohameda@nims.go.jp

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: Dr. SHENASHEN's research interest focuses on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, including designing and fabricating nanostructured hybrid and mesoporous materials for energy, environment, and biological applications. Design nanomaterials-based electrodes for biosensing applications. Design and development of mesoporous nanoscale materials as optical nanosensors for early warning, optical detection, removal, and purification of different types of pollutants from the environment, including Water, Air, and Soil. As part of the same scientific family, Dr. Shenashen's research also focused on Lithium-ion batteries, Biosensors, Biomolecule, Detection limit and intersecting with Electrochemistry.

Dr. Abdelaziz M. Aborai

Editorial Board Members

Dr. Muhammad Rashad 

Research Fellow at College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Former Associate Professor at College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China

Email: mrashad@umich.edu

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: Dr. Muhammad Rashad is a distinguished researcher and academician currently serving in the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. With a career marked by significant contributions to materials science and engineering, Dr. Rashad has held prestigious roles, including a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Limerick, an adjunct professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences, and an associate professor at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology. His research, spanning the synthesis of functional nanomaterials for rechargeable batteries, silicon nanowires for lithium-ion batteries, graphene and activated carbons for energy storage, and metal matrix composites for automotive applications, has significantly advanced the fields of energy storage and materials engineering. His work, including a tenure as a CAS President’s International Fellow in China, underscores his impact and leadership in developing high-efficiency, sustainable technological solutions.

Dr. Kashif Mushtaq

 

Senior Researcher - Team lead for Prototyping.

Leader team responsible for the horizontal research line in Prototyping at the Iberian Center for Research in Energy Storage – CIIAE, Spain. 

E-mail: kashif.mushtaq@ciiae.org

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: Dr. Kashif Mushtaq holds a Ph.D. in Sustainable Energy Systems, awarded jointly by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the USA and the University of Porto in Portugal, achieved through the prestigious MIT Portugal Program. Throughout his scientific career, he has concentrated on various aspects of energy research, with a primary focus on energy storage, electrochemical cells, climate change analytics, energy efficiency in buildings, and 3D modelling & simulations within the realm of energy technologies. His professional journey is marked by a multidisciplinary background, beginning with industrial experience gained from renowned organizations like Atlas Battery Limited (GS Yuasa), Linde Group, and AQPCI KSA.

He further sharpened his research skills through affiliations with prestigious R&D institutions such as LEPABE at the University of Porto in Portugal, DMSE at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the USA, and INEGI in Porto, Portugal. His contributions to the field are evidenced by his authorship of 13 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals, 17 presentations at international conferences and reviewer for 8 Elsevier journals. Notable milestones in his career include involvement in projects centered around redox flow batteries, liquid metal batteries, microbial redox flow cells, and electrolyzers for Hydrogen. Additionally, he successfully completed several Portuguese FCT and European projects. 

Dr. Kashif Mushtaq research line is dedicated to transforming research concept into engineering product for the technologies, including Hydrogen and Power-to-X, Thermal Energy Storage, and Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Dr. Alexander A. Guda

Deputy Director for research, The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the MII IM

E-mail: guda@sfedu.ru

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: Dr. Guda got his D.Sc. in (2022): The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, “X-Ray spectral diagnostics of functional materials in operando conditions” and his PhD in (2013): Kurchatov Institute, Moscow. Title: "Dopants in the nanosized semiconductors ZnO, AlN, InN: X-ray diagnostics and computer modelling". Dr. Guda’s area of scientific interests including application of machine learning methods for quantitative analysis of X-ray absorption spectra; diagnostics of synthesis and catalytic reactions in situ inside microfluidic reactors; phase transformations in functional materials under operating conditions.

Dr.Jehan El Nady

Assistant professor at City of scientific researches and technological applications(SRTA City)

E-mail: jehan.elnady@alexu.edu.eg 

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: She got her Ph.D. degree in 2014 from Alexandria University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. She was promoted in 2015 to work as a researcher in Electronics Materials researches Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt. Her research interests include nanomaterials, quantum dot preparation and characterization, Nanocomposites material, materials science, Nanofibers membrane, Supercapacitors, sensors, and Solar cells application.

Dr. Aram Bugaev 

 

Postdoctoral Researcher, Paul Scherrer Institute PSI Zurich, Switzerland. 

E-mail: aram.bugaev@psi.ch

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: Dr. Aram Bugaev has received PhD in Chemistry and Materials Sciences from the University of Turin in 2017. He focuses on the advance’s characterization of functional materials (with the focus on catalysis) under relevant working conditions by means of synchrotron radiation (XANES, EXAFS, XRD, XES, SAXS). Aram has conducted more than 80 experiments at ESRF, SLS, Soleil, DESY, ALBA, BESSY, and other synchrotrons. DFT modelling (ADF, VASP), ab initio XANES simulations (FDMNES, FEFF, Vien2k) aram.bugaev@psi.ch 

Dr. Mahmoud Moussa

School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Australia

E-mail: mnasida2002@gmail.com

Biography and/or area of scientific interests: Dr. Mahmoud Moussa earned his PhD in Energy and Advanced Manufacturing from the Future Industries Institute (FII) at the University of South Australia in December 2016. Following his doctoral studies, he assumed the role of a Research Fellow at the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials at the University of Adelaide.  He focused on developing advanced, high-capacity carbon-based materials for supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors, and battery applications.

Yassine BOUKILI, PhD

Post-Doctoral Researcher, Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal (April 2024 - present)

Researcher, Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal (November 2018 - March 2024)

Researcher, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco (November 2017 - September 2018)

E-mail: yassine.boukili@usmba.ac.ma

Biography and Scientific Interests: Yassine Boukili obtained his B.S. degree in Industrial Engineering and his M.S. degree in Mechatronics from the University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco, in 2011 and 2014, respectively. He completed his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Portugal, on January 26, 2024. With over seven years of professional experience in scientific research, he has developed expertise in state estimation, cybersecurity, smart grids, nonlinear control, renewable energies, power electronics, and microgrids. His research in power systems has particularly focused on power management and control strategies for DC bus systems, integrating battery energy storage. Additionally, he has worked on power exchange between DC and AC buses, further enhancing his knowledge and skills in these critical areas.

Editorial Office

Eng. Shatha Mahdy 

Assistant lecturer at Materials Science Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria, Egypt

1. Manuscript Types

AESMD welcomes the following types of manuscript:

1.1 Research Article: Research articles in AESMD present original scientific work, including experimental, theoretical, and descriptive studies related to advanced energy storage materials and devices. These manuscripts should provide a substantial amount of new information and include the most recent and relevant references in the field. The structure should consist of sections such as Abstract (maximum 250 words), Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions. A minimum word count of 4000 words is recommended. Specific formatting instructions and templates can be found on the journal's website. word count is 3000-12000 words, excluding figures, captions and references.

1.2 Review Articles: Comprehensive reviews of current research and developments in specific areas within the field of advanced energy storage materials and devices. These reviews identify current gaps or challenges, provide critical and constructive assessments, and offer recommendations for future research. Review articles do not present new, unpublished data. The structure may include sections like Abstract (maximum 250 words), Keywords, Introduction, Relevant Sections, Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Directions, the main text of 5500-15,000 words. 

1.3 Letters or Brief Research Report: Letters or brief research reports in AESMD are concise observational studies reporting preliminary results or short, comprehensive studies or protocols. While shorter in length, the Materials and Methods sections should offer detailed information to ensure the reproducibility of the work presented. The structure mirrors that of a research article, A Brief letter or Report should be no more than 2000 words.

1.4 Short Communication: Communications in AESMD are concise articles presenting groundbreaking preliminary results, significant findings, cutting-edge methods, or the development of new technology or materials in the field of advanced energy storage. The structure is akin to that of a research article, with a suggested minimum word count of 2000 words and no more than 2500 words.

1.5 Editorial: Editorials in AESMD are non-peer-reviewed texts used to announce important developments, such as the journal's launch, new sections, a new Editor-in-Chief, special issues, or invited editorials. The main text should introduce the purpose and aims of the editorial. Editorials should not include unpublished or original data but must provide a Conflict-of-Interest statement. Editorials for the launch of the journal may also include a short biography of the Editor-in-Chief.

1.6 Letters to the Editor: Concise letters addressing important issues or responding to previously published articles.

1.7 Special Issues: Proposals for and contributions to special issues focusing on specific topics within the scope of the journal. 

2. Editorial policy

• Science Park Publisher publishes a significant impact or advance work. Manuscripts presenting data in isolation, devoid of analysis, interpretation, or discussion, are deemed acceptable solely when the data's significance is anticipated to catalyze substantial progress in scientific or technological research, prompting further studies and innovations.

• Authors of the article are solely responsible for the contents in their article(s) including accuracy of the facts, statements, and citing resources.
  

3. Manuscript Preparation

Authors are requested to follow the author's guidelines when preparing their Revised Manuscripts. The Manuscript Preparation Checklist offers a concise summary of these aspects.

3.1 General

• Word and LaTeX templates for different types of the article are available. General order of the sections in the form of:
• Title – Author(s) – (Dedication) – Affiliation(s), – Keywords – Abstract - Graphical abstract– Main text [including Figures, Schemes and Tables] – (Experimental/Methods Section) –Conclusion-Acknowledgements – References

• All submissions must be written in English and adhere to proper grammatical and linguistic standards.

3.2 Title Page

• The article title should be brief, informative, and should clearly convey the research's content using relevant keywords. Capitalize the initial letters of all words, except for coordinating conjunctions, articles, and prepositions.

• Include a comprehensive list of authors, providing their first names, middle initials (if any), and last names. Use an asterisk to denote the corresponding author(s).
  

• Include a detailed list of affiliations for all authors, listing the names of all authors associated with each affiliation along with complete addresses. Ensure that institutional or company email addresses are provided for all corresponding authors.

• Please include a set of 3 to 7 keywords that accurately represent the article's subject matter.

• For all primary research and review articles, an abstract and graphical abstract are mandatory. The abstract should not exceed 250 words and should be written in the present tense and an impersonal style. Abbreviations should be defined upon first use, and the abstract should not contain any references.

3.3 Text Formatting

•  Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.

• The main text of the manuscript should be divided into: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, and Reference.

• Employ a standard, simple font (such as 12-point Times New Roman) for your text.

• Use italics for emphasis.

• Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages.

• Utilize tab stops or other formatting commands for creating indents, avoiding the use of the space bar.

• Employ the table function, instead of relying on spreadsheets, to generate tables.

• Use the equation editor.

• Ensure that you save your document in either the docx format (compatible with Word 2007 or later) or the doc format.

3.4 Headings

Please use no more than 3 levels of headings.

3.5 Abbreviations

Define abbreviations upon their first use.

3.6 Footnotes

Footnotes are used to give additional information, such as citation of a reference included in the reference list. Do not include detailed bibliographic information for references within the text. Instead, use consecutive numbering for footnotes within the text. 

3.7 Acknowledgments and Funding Information

Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section after the conclusion section. Write the full names of funding organizations. 

3.8 Declarations

The manuscripts should contain the following: 

• Funding: Describe the research support received, if any.
  

• Conflicts of Interest: Disclose any relevant conflicts of interest.
  

• Data Availability: Explain the transparency of your data.
  

• Code Availability: Indicate the availability of software applications or custom code.
  

• Ethics Approval: Include information on approvals or waivers obtained.

3.9 References

In-text references should be cited using square brackets with numerical identifiers. Your references list should include only works cited in the text and those published or accepted for publication, numbered consecutively. Please include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list, if possible. This journal does not set strict requirements on reference formatting at submission.

Examples of publications reference are as follows: 

Article Reference 

[1] Shokry, A., Elshaer, A. M., El Nady, J., Ebrahim, S., & Khalil, M. (2022). High energy density and specific capacity for supercapacitor based on electrochemical synthesized polyindole. Electrochimica Acta, 423, 140614.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140614

Books Chapter Reference

[1] Buscarino, A., Fortuna, L., Frasca, M., Sciuto, G., Buscarino, A., Fortuna, L., ... & Sciuto, G. (2014). From the Mathematical Model to the Circuit. A Concise Guide to Chaotic Electronic Circuits, 11-31.   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05900-6_2

Communication Reference 

[1] Ma, C., Hu, J., Xie, M., Cheng, Y., Fang, J., Li, A., ... & Zhang, Q. (2023). Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of foamed Ni3Pt alloys. Materials Letters, 135338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135338

Conference Reference 

[1] Miranda, A. V., Feng, K., Põld, A., Tagari, M. Y., Meilianti, S., Sharief, S., ... & Afolabi, R. (2023). Youth‐inclusive framework for a sustainable future in planetary health action: A conference summary. Public Health Challenges, 2(2), e81. https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.81Website: Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/, 2003 (accessed 13 March 2003).

3.10 Tables

All tables should be numbered using Arabic numerals, cited in consecutive numerical order in the text, and accompanied by a table caption explaining their components.

3.11 Artwork or Figures and Schemes

• For optimal results, submit all artwork, such as photographs and line drawings, in electronic format. Your art will be produced to the highest standards with the greatest accuracy to detail.  Each figure and scheme should be captioned and inserted within the main text, mentioned in numerical order in the text, with different types of atoms in structural chemistry figures distinguishable by color. Always use the word "Figure" when citing figures in the manuscript.

• Vector graphic images such as plots, graphs, and line diagrams (including chemical structures) should either be embedded into a Word document or saved as a PDF, PS, or EPS file. Original files of graphical items created with ChemDraw or Photoshop may be included. Bitmap graphic images like photos and electron microscope images should be saved as TIFF or PNG files, with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi (1000 pixels wide for single-column width). More details can be found in the Manuscript Preparation Checklist and Graphics FAQ section.

• Ensure electronic figure submission follows these guidelines:
• Name your figure files as "Figure" followed by the figure number (e.g., Figure 1.eps).
• Number all figures using Arabic numerals.
• Cite figures in consecutive numerical order within the text.
• Provide accurate captions for each figure, starting with "Figure." in bold type followed by the figure number.
• Size figures to fit the column width.
• Color art is free of charge for online publication.

4. Manuscript Submission

Submission of a manuscript means that the work has not been published before and it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else. All co-authors have granted their approval for the publication.

4.1 Online Submission

 Follow the link “Submit manuscript” and upload your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen. Authors are recommended to read carefully the Guide for Authors to prepare manuscripts for submission.  

Before you submit, you will need:

• Ensure that the following items are present: One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details: E-mail address and Full postal address.

• Ensure that your manuscript is submitted as an editable file, encompassing text, figures, and tables, or as separate files. All required sections should be contained in your manuscript, including abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion, conclusions, and references. Figures and tables should have legends. Figures should be uploaded in high resolution. References may be submitted according to the required format, as long as it is consistent throughout the manuscript. Supplementary information should be presented as separate files. If the manuscript's English language quality is subpar, it may be returned to you for revision.

• The manuscript's title page should incorporate the following elements:
• Details of co-authors, including their affiliations and email addresses. 
• Abstract
• Keywords
• All manuscripts should be submitted using the online submission service by following the instructions given on the submission website. In order to submit a manuscript, you will need either a Microsoft Word document, or a single PDF generated from a word document or LaTeX document, that includes the text, figures, and tables. If you have trouble uploading large files, please contact the editorial office for assistance.

• The corresponding author must verify that all authors have reviewed and endorsed the manuscript, and they must meet the authorship criteria. For more details, see the “Authorship” section in the Editorial Policies tab.

• The author must inform the editor of manuscripts submitted, soon to be submitted, or in press at other journals that have a bearing on the manuscript being submitted. Duplicate submission is not permitted and will result in rejection. Ethical guidelines issued by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) are followed. In particular, Authors are expected to disclose all sources of funding for the research presented in the manuscript and declare any potential conflicts of interest.

• If this manuscript is a revised or expanded version of a previously rejected submission to the target journal, it is essential to inform the editor in the cover letter, providing a comprehensive account of the alterations made. 
  

5. Copyright and Permissions

Authors involved Figures, tables, and text passages that have been published elsewhere previously are required to get a permission of the copyright from the owner(s) for the print and online and when submitting their papers, authors must provide evidence that they have obtained the necessary permissions.  

6. After acceptance

• After acceptance, the article will be exported to Production department and authors will ask to confirm affiliation, and payment of any associated publication cost. Then, the article will be processed and received as a proof.

• Subsequent modifications to the manuscript, post online publication, can only be made via an Erratum.

7. Offprints

Offprints ordered by the corresponding author can be done.

8. Color illustrations

Publication of colored figures is free of charge.

9. Online First

The manuscript will be published online after the corrected proof is finished. 

10. Supporting Information

Supporting Information is not essential to the article but provides greater depth and background. The manuscript is hosted online in its unedited and typeset form. Succinct text and the necessary graphics for the Supporting Information must be submitted, where possible, as a separate document (i.e., Word, or PDF). The document should feature the title and the names of all authors, and a template for creating this page is included in the manuscript template. Graphics should be embedded within the Supporting Information file and not submitted as separate graphic files. The author must keep a copy of the Supporting Information and make this available to readers upon request. Other types of Supporting Information, e.g., multimedia files, raw data, code, etc., may be provided separately, with large files provided in a compressed file format, e.g., .zip or .rar.

11. For Review Article

11.1 Introduction

• Discusses the text structure, defines the focus, identifies the context, and describes the rationale for the review with three paragraphs. 

•  Subject background. Provide a general context or framework to outline the topic, issue or area of concern.
• “Problem”. Trends, new perspectives, gaps, conflicts, or a single problem is indicated.
  
• Motivation/justification. The author’s reason for reviewing the literature, the approach and the organization of the text are described in present tense. 

• Length between 10% and 20% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions).

• Offer both theoretical and practical justifications for the necessity of conducting the review.

11.2 Material and Methods

• The Materials and Methods section should encompass information on data sources (e.g., bibliographic databases), search terms, search strategies, selection criteria (inclusion/exclusion criteria for studies), the number of studies screened, the number of studies included, and the statistical methods employed for meta-analysis.

• Length Approx. 5% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions).
  

11.3 Body: Main Part of the Review Article

The topics of main part of review are:

• Methodological approaches

• Models or theories

• Extent of support for a given thesis

• Distinguish between studies that corroborate each other and those that hold conflicting views

• Frequently link the discussed research findings to the research question stated in the introduction. • Link the studies to one another. Compare and discuss these relationships.

• Tenses: Present if reporting what another author thinks, believes, writes, reporting current knowledge or information of general validity, simple past for referring to what a specific researcher did or found, referring to a single study and Present perfect for referring to an area of research with a number of independent researchers involved. 

• 70 to 90% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions).
  

11.4 Conclusions

• Implications of the findings.

• Summarizing and drawing conclusions in past tense.

• Length about 5 to 10% of the core text (introduction, body, conclusions)
  

11.5 Acknowledgments

Expresses gratitude to people who helped with the literature search, the structuring of the material or in the writing process and funding organization and specifies the funding.

11.6 References

Limit the number of references cited in the review to a maximum of 200.

12. For Letters and short communications

• Letters or short reports are brief reports of data from original research.

• Editors publish these letters or reports where they think the data are interesting and stimulate further research in this field. As they are relatively short the format is useful for scientists with results that are time sensitive. This format often has strict length limits, so some experimental details may not be published until the authors write a full Original Research manuscript.

• A Brief letter or Report should contain approximately 3600 words, including figures. Each figure is considered equivalent to approximately 150 words.

• Abstracts should be up to 150 words long. Although the abstract should explain why the article might be interesting, the importance of the work should not be over-emphasized. Citations should not be used in the abstract. Abbreviations, if needed, should be spelled out. Abstracts are structured into Methods, Results, and Conclusions.

• Tables should NOT be submitted as figures but should be included in the main manuscript file.

• Multi-panel figures (those with parts a, b, c, d etc.) should be submitted as a single composite file that contains all parts of the figure.

• Figures should be numbered in the order they are first mentioned in the text, and uploaded in this order.

• Figures should be uploaded in the correct orientation.

• Figure keys should be incorporated into the graphic, not into the legend of the figure.

• Each figure should be closely cropped to minimize the amount of white space surrounding the illustration. Cropping figures improves accuracy when placing the figure in combination with other elements when the accepted manuscript is prepared for publication on our site.

• Letters or short reports should include received/accepted dates.

• Letters or short reports may be accompanied by supplementary information.

All published items will receive a DOI and be citable. Additional data, posters, videos, or PPT presentations can be published as Supplementary Materials.